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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12544/5408Oldest †Ellimmichthyiform fishes from Peru and the early radiation of clupei
Jan-2026
Contributions, vol.37, n.5, pp.93-115, enero 2026
[ESP] Se describen dos especies de peces clupeomorfos de tamaño pequeño que presentan una armadura doble. †Ancashichthys peruensis n. gen. et sp., nuevo género y especie de clupeomorfo (aproximadamente de 60 mm de longitud estándar ), presenta un cuerpo fusiforme caracterizado por una serie de escudos predorsales y otra de escudos abdominales (carácter diagnóstico único de clupeomorfos), una aleta dorsal ubicada anterior a las aletas pélvicas y una aleta anal que comienza a la altura de la tercera a quinta vértebra caudal. †Aijaichthys brevis n. gen. et sp., nuevo género y especie de aproximadamente 50 mm de longitud estándar se caracteriza por un cuerpo alto, en forma de semiluna, con series completas de escudos predorsales y abdominales, y una aleta dorsal ubicada ligeramente anterior al origen de las aletas pélvicas. Ambos taxones son asignados a una nueva familia, †Ancashichthyidae, que se caracteriza por una combinación única de caracteres tanto en la serie de escudos predorsales como en los supraneurales. Estos peces fueron recolectados en los depósitos más superiores del Jurásico Superior (Titoniano) en el departamento de Áncash, en el norte del Perú. Constituyen los primeros y más antiguos representantes de Clupeomorpha (Teleostei) en la vertiente Pacífica de América del Sur. Ellos se interpretan como los clupeomorfos más antiguos conocidos, desplazando de esta posición a los ellimmichthyiformes de la vertiente Atlántica de América del Sur, cuyos registros más antiguos provienen del Barremiano, Cretácico Inferior medio. Los taxones aquí descritos apoyan la hipótesis de que América del Sur fue el centro de origen y radiación de Otomorfa, uno de los principales clados de Teleostei, de gran importancia económica y ecosistémica, y grupo hermano de Euteleostei.
[ENG] Two small, double-armored clupeomorphs assigned to †Ellimmichthyiformes are described. †Ancashichthys peruensis, a new genus and species of a small (ca. 60 mm standard length), fusiform clupeomorph, is characterized by the presence of a predorsal and abdominal series of scutes, the dorsal-fin insertion positioned anterior to the pelvic fin, and the anal-fin insertion at the level of the third to fifth caudal vertebrae. †Aijaichthys brevis, a new genus and species of a small (ca. 50 mm standard length), is deep bodied, half-moon shaped, and double-armored clupeomorph, is characterized by a complete series of predorsal and abdominal scutes and the dorsal fin positioned slightly anterior to the pelvic fin. Both taxa are assigned to the new family †Ancashichthyidae, which is characterized by a unique combination of characters of the predorsal series of scutes and supraneurals. These fishes were collected from uppermost Jurassic (Tithonian) deposits in the Department of Ancash, northern Peru. They represent the first and oldest members of the crown Teleostei (Clupeomorpha) on the Pacific slope of South America, and they are interpreted herein as the oldest known members worldwide, displacing the †ellimmichthyiforms from the Atlantic slope of South America, whose oldest representative is Barremian, middle Lower Cretaceous. Having the oldest clupeomorphs being discovered in Peru supports the hypothesis of South America as a center of origin and radiation of otomorphs, a large, economically important clade, which is sister to Euteleostei.
[ENG] Two small, double-armored clupeomorphs assigned to †Ellimmichthyiformes are described. †Ancashichthys peruensis, a new genus and species of a small (ca. 60 mm standard length), fusiform clupeomorph, is characterized by the presence of a predorsal and abdominal series of scutes, the dorsal-fin insertion positioned anterior to the pelvic fin, and the anal-fin insertion at the level of the third to fifth caudal vertebrae. †Aijaichthys brevis, a new genus and species of a small (ca. 50 mm standard length), is deep bodied, half-moon shaped, and double-armored clupeomorph, is characterized by a complete series of predorsal and abdominal scutes and the dorsal fin positioned slightly anterior to the pelvic fin. Both taxa are assigned to the new family †Ancashichthyidae, which is characterized by a unique combination of characters of the predorsal series of scutes and supraneurals. These fishes were collected from uppermost Jurassic (Tithonian) deposits in the Department of Ancash, northern Peru. They represent the first and oldest members of the crown Teleostei (Clupeomorpha) on the Pacific slope of South America, and they are interpreted herein as the oldest known members worldwide, displacing the †ellimmichthyiforms from the Atlantic slope of South America, whose oldest representative is Barremian, middle Lower Cretaceous. Having the oldest clupeomorphs being discovered in Peru supports the hypothesis of South America as a center of origin and radiation of otomorphs, a large, economically important clade, which is sister to Euteleostei.
Museum of Paleontology, The University of Michigan
Ordóñez, E., Arratia, G., Tejada, L. & Chacaltana, C. (2026). Oldest †Ellimmichthyiform fishes from Peru and the early radiation of clupei. Contributions, 37(5), 93-115. https://doi.org/10.7302/28315
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